10 June 2026
The Initiative on Addressing the Nexus Between Climate Change and Violent Extremism Conducive to Terrorism developed the Nairobi Toolkit on Addressing the Nexus between Climate Change and Violent Extremism Conducive to Terrorism.*
Informed by a robust consultative process, this practical and publicly available resource includes recommendations and case studies for policymakers and practitioners to better understand and address the critical nexus between climate change and violent extremism (VE) conducive to terrorism. The culmination of several meetings with key stakeholders including representatives from national governments and civil society along with practitioners from sectors including the prevention and countering of violent extremism conducive to terrorism (P/CVE), security, development, and climate, the Toolkit identifies general pathways linking climate change and violent extremism conducive to terrorism while emphasizing that that the former does not directly cause the latter, but exacerbates well-known drivers. In turn, VE extremist groups undermine the required resilience to cope with climate risks, creating a dangerous feedback loop. The Toolkit encourages policymakers and practitioners to work cross-sectionally when implementing its recommendations and to consider different climate risk profiles when drafting national action plans. To that end, its case studies span a diverse range of geographic and thematic contexts to better illustrate different situations to which recommendations can apply.
This document was developed with the support of Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund.
*GCTF Recommendations, Memoranda, Good Practices and other guiding documents are non-binding, and their implementation should always respect national sovereignty and consider countries' varied histories, cultures, legal systems, and norms.